Fiber splicing splicing techniques, splicing single mode fibers. Ideal fiber optic basic training guide lasertec, center for. Pure polymer optical fibers pof and polymer cladded silica fibers pcf with step index profile have been on the market for years. Allow skillfree operation of factory fiber prep and. With fusion splicing, a tiny core axial offset exists.
Keywords fusion splice, single mode fiber optic, prefusion and. The analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode fiber optic. Mechanical splicing fibers are held in alignment by some mechanical means. Fiber optic cable fusion splicing insertion loss fiber mechanical splicing insertion loss fiber optic cable fusion splicing. To solve these problems, active work is underway in the optical fiber art to devise improved splicing techniques. Analysis of losses at splice joints of dissimilar singlemode fibers smf, with three types of photonic crystal fibers pcfs are presented, using fullvectorial effective index methods and scalar effective index method. Fusion splicing is an optical junction of two optical fibers by permanently welding them together with heat generated by an electronic arc called arc fusion. The common methods of heating optical fibers for tapering are by flame 10, co 2 laser 11, electric microfurnace 12, and fusion splicer. Classification of techniques used for optical fiber connection splicing.
Methods for splicing optical fibers free patents online. Fiber optic cables assemblies, connectors and accessories. A permanent joint formed between two fibers two broad categories fusion splicing or welding accomplished by applying localized heating a flame or an electric arc at the interface between two butted, prealigned fiber ends causing them to soften and fuse. A connectorsplice loss occurs due to an axial runout between the light axes of optical fibers to be joined. Optical fibers are therefore classified as stepindex or gradedindex, and multimode or singlemode, as illustrated in fig. Bts offers realworld handson fiber optics training in locations all around the united states.
This document provides instructions for the fiber cable technician to properly pe rform fiber cable preparations, routings, splicing, terminations and connections within the. The fusion splicer performs optical fiber fusion splicing in two steps. Fusion splicing welds fibers together in an electrical arc. Automated alignment and splicing for multicore fibers pdf. Needless to say, fiber cable termination and splicing is a rather vital part of the whole cable installation process. In this paper, we present the analysis of the parameters that related to fusion splicing loss of smf28 and mp980 optical fiber such as axial misalignment d and angular misalignment. Optical fiber communications systems pdf epub gets free book.
A fusion splicing method for optical fibers in which optical fibers are fusion spliced in an inert gas atmosphere after water adsorbed on their surfaces is removed by decomposition in a plasma of an inert gas containing a halogen. Splicing of optical fibers is a technique used to join two optical fibers. Both methods provide much lower insertion loss compared to fiber connectors. How to do a mechanical splicing steps and tips beyondtech. They have been used primarily in highrange digital audio systems, the automotive industry, some segments of lighting technology, medical technology, and on bus systems in industrial applications. May 28, 2016 fusion splicing is using the professional machine to joint two optical fibers ends together. Special equipment called fusion splicer is used to perform the fiber fusion splicing. Additionally, the fiber edges need to be fixed on compatible connectors before ending, a process.
Even the best and most expensive splicing machine will not be able to properly connect dirty or improperly cleft fibers. An fibre optic splice is defined by the fact that it gives a permanent or relatively. Fiber alignment and joint loss multimode fiber joints, single mode fiber joints. Our unidirectional optical cards can transmit and receiver on both multimode and singlemode fibers. An alignment cavity is used to accept two optical fibers and guide them to a precise position with accurate alignment of the cores of the fibers. Pdf the analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Fibre splicing a permanent joint formed between two individual optical. Improving fiber optic connection and splicing techniques. An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Carefully clean the stripped bare fiber with lintfree wipes soaked in isopropyl.
Fiber connector inspection why it matters and how it works pdf. Polarization modulation and splicing techniques for. Optical communication pdf notes oc pdf notes smartzworld. However, working with those hairthin strands of glass can be intimidating to installers. Two optical fiber splicing methods are available for permanent joining of two. Optical fiber fusion splicing springer series in optical. High reliability hermetic optical fiber for oil and gas application pdf. Introduction to fiber optic splicing fiber optic cables.
Fiber optical fusion splicing tutorial fs community. The source of heat clarification needed is usually an electric arc, but can also be a. Proper preparation of the ends of optical fibers is the basis for successful fiber splicing. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiberoptic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data transfer rates than. Us4810054a fusion splicing method for optical fibers. Splicing time and temperature, therefore, need to be optimized to achieve the best compromise between retaining the structure and making a mechanically strong splice. Fusion splicing method as mentioned previously, fusion splicing is a junction of two or more optical fibers that have been permanently affixed by welding them together by an electronic arc. Fibers of different diameters tend to be centred and hence successfully spliced. Meeting the unique test challenges of fttx deployment pdf. Nov 24, 2015 fusion splicing is an optical junction of two optical fibers by permanently welding them together with heat generated by an electronic arc called arc fusion.
A typical example of this method is the use of connectors to link fibers. Optical fibers are joined either by fusionmechanical splice, which is a permanent joint, or by connectors, which can be disengaged. Splicing optical fibers bell telephone laboratories. The temperature range during splicing can be reduced to techniques for multicore fibers mcfs are discussed here. The fibers are aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the intact fiber. Mechanical splicing method mechanical splicing is an optical junction where the fibers are precisely aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly, not a permanent bond. Use lint free pads and isopropyl alcohol to clean the connectors.
Optical fiber fusion splicing pdf free download epdf. Jun 15, 2015 in mechanical splicing, the optical fiber cores are aligned and then joined within a precision, sleevelike assembly to allow the optical light to pass from one fiber to the other. Optical fibers are among the top choices for usage in todays metros together with remote networking systems. This method is most popular for fast, temporary restoration and splicing multimode fibers.
Fiber optic cable splicing procedure pdf optical fiber cable. A guide to fiber optic splicing fiber optic components. The splicing of copper wires is mainly used on paper insulated wires. The industrial fiber optics fiber optic connector and splicing module contains three learning activities that cover the basics of attaching connectors and splices to fiber optic cables. It is also possible to incorporate wavelength division multiplexing techniques to further increase the transmission capacity of a singlemode fiber evertz optical platform is compatible with both multimode and singlemode fiber. Analysis of power coupling and losses at splice joints of.
Jan 26, 2018 part of utels knowledge base series of videos about fiber optics, this guide provides a thorough introduction to fusion and mechanical splicing as well as a demonstration of fusion splicing. Mass fusion splicing or ribbon splicing uses fusion splicing techniques on a dozen fibers or more at one time. These technical and highly soughtafter skills in the fiber optics industry are taught using a handson approach. Optical fibers typically used for data signal transmission are connected to each other in an orientation which provides selfaligning of the fiber ends. Remember, we offer suitcased training to any location, so even if the class that you are requesting is. Arc power calibration for fusion splicing optical fiber with varying diameterspdf. May 18, 2016 a mechanical splice is a junction of two or more optical fibers. Optical sources leds, structures, materials, quantum efficiency, power, modulation, power bandwidth product. This manual will guide instructors and students through the three separate. Shards and cleaved glass fibers are very sharp and can easily pierce the. Other techniques for linking fiber optic cables and system components use no. The fiber optic connector and splicing module was designed to be used as a supplement for the industrial fiber optics fiber optic demonstration system, although it can be used separately. Us5469522a optical fiber splice interconnection and usage. Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination instructions.
As a general rule, pcf needs to be spliced colder and faster than conventional fibers. Polarization modulation and splicing techniques for stressed birefringent fiber by risa j. A method for splicing optical fibers, the method comprising. The splicing machine will hold the fibers to align them in a precised position, then using heat or electric arc to fuse or weld glass ends together. This book is an uptodate treatment of optical fiber fusion splicing incorporating all the recent innovations in the field. Fusionsplice optical fibers following the operation manual of the fusion splicer. This method aligns the two fiber ends to a common centerline, aligning their cores. The handling and aligning of verysmalldiameter fibers to achieve this desired result involve vexing problems.
Apr, 2015 fusion splicing method as mentioned previously, fusion splicing is a junction of two or more optical fibers that have been permanently affixed by welding them together by an electronic arc. Fiber splicing is frequently used to establish longhaul optical. Polarization modulation and splicing techniques for stressed birefringent fiber i, risa 1. Mechanical splicing is the process of precisely aligning two fiber optics together using an alignment device and index matching gel that has a similar refractive index and covers the possible air gaps, helping light travel from one fiber to another with minimal loss and little back reflection. A splice created by welding or fusing two fibers together. Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers endtoend. The temperature range during splicing can be reduced to free are used to connect copper wires, making the copper wires faster and easier to connect. Pulling cables is easy, as they are more rugged than category 5 copper cables, and installing patch panels and other hardware is straightforward. A splice where the fibers are aligned and joined by a mechanical splice device. Precisely align the two fibers generate a small electric arc to melt the fibers and weld them together high precision fusion splicers are usually bulky and expensive. Theres no doubt that termination of fiber optic cables is the most difficult part of the fiber optic installation process. You are able to search for fiber optic training classes in your area by using the public courses button above or you can find the class that you are interested in below. Optical connectors are used mostly at joints that need to be switched for optical service operation and maintenance reasons, while permanent joints are in use mostly in other applications. Classification of techniques used for optical fiber connectionsplicing.
The splicing process begins by preparing each fiber end for fusion. Downloads and links light brigade fiber optic training. This article will offer you a reference guide to delivery smooth and efficient fiber splicing and termination. Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Optical fibers are joined either by fusion mechanical splice, which is a permanent joint, or by connectors, which can be disengaged repeatedly. Fibre optic splicing fiber splicing electronics notes. Classification of techniques used for optical fiber connection. Part of utels knowledge base series of videos about fiber optics, this guide provides a thorough introduction to fusion and mechanical splicing as well as a demonstration of fusion splicing. This method aligns the two fiber ends to a common centerline, aligning their cores so the light can pass from one fiber to another. Optical fiber fusion splicing vs mechanical splicing home. Splicing techniques1 optical fiber equipment free 30. A splice created by welding or fusing two fibers together fusion splicer.
It is the most widely used method of splicing because it provides least reflectance and lowest loss, as well as providing the strongest and most reliable joint between two fibers. Production of complex optical fibers the use of ring of firetm in a partial vacuum opens up new production possibilities. Pdf on oct 16, 2017, norazlina ahmad and others published the analysis of fusion splice technique on. Four basic steps to completing a proper fusion splice. This enables the permanent connection between two optic fibers for a continuous light transmission. Splicers are basically couplers that form a connection between two fibers or fiber bundles. Wire connection sleeves avh adernverbindungshulsen and other crimp connectors. Oct 29, 2016 needless to say, fiber cable termination and splicing is a rather vital part of the whole cable installation process. As we have mentioned earlier, the optical fiber is available in different standard dimensions. Preparing the fiber remove the protective film, jackets, tubes, strength member, and so. Lets start by illustrating various methodologies for optical fiber termination.
The two primary methods of splicing fibers are fusion and. Fiber optic cable fusion splicing insertion loss splicing, and termination instructions. Thin strands of highly transparent glass or sometimes plastic that. Fiber optic cable splicing procedure pdf free download as pdf file. We demonstrate a swing electrode system for uniform discharge and an endview function for automatic and precise core alignment. Underground cable junction process with resin 24kv cellpack. An instrument that splices fibers by fusing or welding them, typically by electrical arc. The effects of airhole diameter d, airhole spacing. This chapter emphasizes the nature of optical modes and their group velocities in stepindex and gradedindex fibers. Polarization modulation and splicing techniques for stressed. Fusion splicing is using the professional machine to joint two optical fibers ends together. Feb, 2017 underground cable junction process with resin 24kv cellpack.
For example, it is necessary to avoid an increased angle at fiber cut end when using an optical fiber cleaver before fusion splicing, since such an angle can result in splicing of optical fibers with runout. The process of fusion splicing normally involves using localized heat to melt or fuse the ends of two optical fibers together. Rather than using optical fibre connectors, it is possible to splice two optical fibres together. The influence of the cleaved angle was investigated for stable and lowloss fusion splicing. Fusion splicing requires a special machine to weld the optical fibers together via an electronic arc. This technique is used in optical fiber communication, in order to form long optical links for better as well as longdistance optical signal transmission. Two optical fiber splicing methods are available for permanent joining of two optical fibers. The fiber optic fusion splicing process is basically the same for all automatic splicing machines.
Robinson rochester institute oftechnology june, 1995 a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree ofmasterofscience in the centerfor imaging science in the college ofimaging arts and sciences at the rochester institute. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can apply when optimizing fusion splices between novel fibers. Pdf the analysis of fusion splice technique on single. The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of. The industrial fiber optics fiber optic connector and splicing module contains. Splicing techniques1 free download as powerpoint presentation. Standard arc fusion splicing of optical fibers does not include buckling, angular, or lateral offsets. Robinson, grant permission tothe wallace memorial library of rochester institute oftechnology to reproduce this thesis in whole orin part provided any reproduction will not be for commercial use orprofit. An fibre optic splice is defined by the fact that it gives a permanent or relatively permanent connection between two fibre optic cables. Summary of the invention an object of the present invention is a new method for splicing together optical fiber ends.
Classification of techniques used for optical fiber. Fibre communication basics optical fibre connectors splicing optical transmitter optical receiver rather than using optical fibre connectors, it is possible to splice two optical fibres together. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the optical fiber communications systems, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. For this reason, they need to be attached together or spliced to fit the needs of a network. For this reason, care for the cleanliness of fiber optic tools is extremely important.